Social Health
The five types of social health are:
- Belonging and connection.
- Social skills and communication.
- Social support and relationships
- Social engagement and participation.
- Civic engagement and social justice.
In 2023, America claimed loneliness as a public health concern. NPR reports there is an epidemic of loneliness in the United States and lacking connection can increase the risk for premature death to levels comparable to smoking 15 cigarettes a day. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, about half of U.S. adults reported experiencing measurable levels of loneliness. Physical consequences of poor connection can be devastating, including a 29% increased risk of heart disease; a 32% increased risk of stroke; and a 50% increased risk of developing dementia for older adults.
Social health encompasses the quality of relationships and interactions within a community, including factors such as support networks, social cohesion, and access to resources. Strong social health can lead to improved health outcomes, while poor social health can exacerbate existing health disparities. American Journal of Public Health found that social support networks significantly reduce stress and improve mental health among African Americans. Social health's significance is further underscored by the impact of systemic racism and socio-economic inequalities. The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) reports that African Americans are more likely to experience social and environmental stressors, such as discrimination and economic hardship, which can lead to chronic health conditions. Enhancing social health within the Black community through community programs, increased access to mental health services, and supportive community initiatives and policies can help mitigate these stressors and promote healthier, more resilient communities.